I need to update the table where I may or may not update all columns, so how can I do that

Hi, I have a table which has some columns, in this table i am trying to update the table which is frequent process. So, here i may update some columns or all depending on my requirement for that particular time. So, now how can i write my update query here which involves all the columns, but if i do not need for particular column to update , then it should leave the value of the column as it is. i am little confused now how to do it, can I use stored procedure or with in the query? Can any one please let me know on this. i am giving the columns name, 

So, these are the columns, how can I write the update query for it